Why are Thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus type 1 and Juvenile Arthritis autoimmune disorders?

Before understanding these diseases we must know about the following:-

1.     White blood cells

2.     T-cells and B-cells

3.     Immune system of our body

4.     Autoimmune disorder

White blood cells

White blood cells (WBCs) (also called leukocytes or leucocytes) are the cells of the immune system .  All leukocytes are produced in the bone marrow . Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the blood and lymphatic system.

There are five different types of leukocytes. The number of leukocytes in the blood is often an indicator of disease. The normal white cell count is usually between 4 and 11 × 10⁹/L which is usually expressed as 4,000–11,000 white blood cells per micro litter of blood.  They make up approximately 1% of the total blood volume in a healthy adult.

B-cells and T-cells

Lymphocytes are one of the five kinds of white blood cells (leukocytes), circulating in the blood.
Although mature lymphocytes all look pretty much alike, they are extraordinarily diverse in their functions. The most abundant lymphocytes are:

• B lymphocytes (often simply called B cells) and
• T lymphocytes (likewise called T cells).

B cells are produced in the bone marrow.

What is immunity and how does immune system work?

Our immune system is our body’s defence against infections and illness. It recognizes the cells that make up our body (healthy body cell) and external invader cells such as germs (viruses, bacteria) and parasites. It attacks on the invader cells. It can also create problem by attacking on donated organs or blood as it recognize them as external invaders. Similarly, it may overreact to harmless invaders such as pollen grains, causing hay fever. When this immunity turns into an autoimmune disorder, the immune system starts attacking on healthy body cells too.

Autoimmune disorder

When you have an autoimmune disorder, your immune system does not distinguish between healthy tissue and antigens. This is a stage in which your immune system starts destroying healthy cells. considering them invaders mistakenly.

Why are diabetes mellitus type 1, thyroid disease and Arthritis Juvenile autoimmune disorders?

1.   Diabetes mellitus type 1 

Also known as type1-diabetes, or T1DM; formerly insulin-dependent diabetes or juvenile diabetes) is a form of diabetes mellitus that results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The immune system starts destroying insulin cells. The subsequent lack of insulin leads to increased blood and urine glucose

2.  Juvenile arthritis

It is a type of arthritis that happens in children age 16 or younger. It causes joint swelling, pain, stiffness, and loss of motion. It can affect any joint, and in some cases it can affect internal organs as well. Scientists do know it is an autoimmune disorder, which means your immune system, which normally helps your body fight infection, attacks your body’s own tissues. JA can be hard to diagnose. 

3.   Thyroid disease

This problem is generated when your antibodies stars working against the thyroid cells. The immune system starts killing healthy thyroid cells.